Diabetic retinopathy patients always suffer swelling and blood leakage in retinal blood vessels. The disease is often caused by fluctuating blood sugar levels and long-term diabetes. Juvenile onset (type one) diabetes requires more frequently regular evaluation than adults onset (type 2) diabetes. Most forms of diabetes can last 10 years in the early stage without causing diabetic retinopathy.
According to its reasons, diabetic retinopathy can to some degree be prevented by blood sugar control and high blood pressure control. However, even well-controlled diabetes may develop into diabetic retinopathy. Diabetic retinopathy at early stages only cause blurry vision or no symptom at all, while advanced diabetic retinopathy is always accompanied by cloudy vision, blind spots or floaters.
Based on changes in the retina, diabetic retinopathy is generally classified into non-proliferative and proliferative types. As the early stage, non-proliferative retinopathy involves blood vessel breakage and blood leakage. Proliferative retinopathy is more serious that there is new blood vessel growth in an abnormal way within the retina, which may cause scarring or retinal detachment.
Laser photocoagulation can be used to cause regression of leaking blood vessels and prevent new vessel growth. In more serious cases that involve vitreous humor, vitrectomy is needed.
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